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CAstore - Canadian Accounting and Assurance Reference Service (CAARS)

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What's New

Guide to Accounting Pronouncements and Sources, Sixth Edition

Significant Differences in GAAP in Canada, Chile, Mexico and the United States

Accounting and Reporting for Enterprises in the Development Stage

Accounting Bases Used in Canadian Government Budgeting

Foreword

Study Group

Executive Overview

Chapter 1 — An Overview of Government in Canada

Project Objective

A Primer on Canadian Government

Federal Government

Provincial Governments

Territorial Governments

Proposing Legislation and Implementing Laws

Intergovernmental Relations

Summary

Chapter 2 — About Government Budgeting

A Primer on Canadian Parliamentary Traditions

Power of Appropriation

Single Fund Concept

Cash Accounting

Stewardship and Compliance Reporting

Government Planning, Budgeting and Reporting

Planning Process

Budgeting Process

Reporting Process

Summary

Chapter 3 — Undertaking the Research

Research Methodology

What are "Accounting Bases"?

Understanding Cash and Accrual Accounting

Reporting Entity, Basis of Consolidation and Accounting Policies

What is GAAP for Government?

What are PSAB's Financial Reporting Recommendations?

Accountability of a Government for the Resources, Obligations and Financial Affairs

Comparison of actual and budgeted results

Reporting on legislative authority

Funds and Reserves

Financial Statement Discussion and Analysis

Summary

Chapter 4 — What Legislation Applies to the Budget, Estimates and Summary Financial Statements?

Survey Method

Survey Findings – Legislation

Applicable Legislative Provisions

Recent or Planned Changes to Legislation

Summary

Chapter 5 — What is the Relationship between the Budget, Estimates and Summary Financial Statements?

Survey Method

Survey Findings – Basis of Accounting

Interrelationships between the Budget, Estimates and Summary Financial Statements

How are Numbers Derived for Budget Data in Financial Statements?

Trends and Observations

Why Report Budget Numbers in Summary Financial Statements?

Summary

Chapter 6 — How do Numbers in Summary Financial Statements Relate to Published Original Budgets?

Survey Method

Survey Findings – Budget and Summary Financial Statements

Is the Same Reporting Entity Used?

Is the Same Basis of Consolidation Used?

Are the Same Accounting Policies Used?

Are Adjustments, Reconciliations or Explanations Provided?

Trends and Observations

Summary

Chapter 7 — What Budgeting Initiatives are Underway?

Survey Method

Survey Findings – Current and Planned Initiatives

Enacting or Amending Legislation

Adopting new accounting bases in the budget, estimates and summary statements

Implementing balanced budget requirements

Modernizing budgeting practices

Converting to Accrual-based Accounting

Changing the Reporting Entity, Basis of Consolidation and Significant Accounting Policies

Changes to the reporting entity

Changes to the basis of consolidation

Changes to significant accounting policies

Observations and Complicating Factors

International Government Budgeting Developments

Summary

Appendix A — Government Planning, Budgeting and Reporting Cycles

Government of Canada — Planning, Budgeting and Reporting Cycle

Government of Saskatchewan — Planning, Budgeting and Reporting Cycle

Government of Nunavut — Planning, Budgeting and Reporting Cycle

Appendix B — Government Jurisdictions and Survey Documents

Appendix C — Summary of Survey Results

Appendix D — International Developments on Budgeting

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)

Appendix E — Illustrative Excerpts Drawn from Government Budgets, Estimates and Summary Financial Statements

Glossary

Selected Bibliography

Accounting Changes — Background Information and Basis for Conclusions Section 1506

Accounting for Infrastructure in the Public Sector

Accounting for Tangible Capital Assets — Accrual Budgeting Issues

Accrual Budgeting by Canadian Federal, Provincial and Territorial Governments

Aligning Investment in Information Technology with Business Strategy: What CFOs Need to Consider (June 2005)

Application of Computer-assisted Audit Techniques, Second Edition

Assessing Risks & Controls of Investment Funds

Asset Retirement Obligations - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions Section 3110

Assurance Engagement Working Papers

Audit & Control Implications of XBRL

Audit Enquiry - Seeking More Reliable Evidence From Audit Enquiry

Audit Implications of EDI

Audit Implications of Electronic Document Management

Audit of a Small Entity

Audits of Non-profit Organizations

Canadian Performance Reporting

Cash Distributions — Amendments to Section 1540 — Background Information and Basis for Conclusions (September 2007)

Cash Flow and Other Per Share Information - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions Sections 1540 and 3500

Cash Flow Statements - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - Section 1540

Comprehensive Income and Equity - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions Sections 1530 and 3251

Confirmation of Accounts Payable

Confirmation of Accounts Receivable

Continuous Auditing

Corporate Reporting to Stakeholders

Costing Government Services for Improved Performance Measurement & Accountability

Data Level Assurance

Differential Reporting - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - Section 1300

Differential Reporting — Amendments to Section 3062 and AcG-15 — Background Information and Basis for Conclusions

Disclosures by Entities Subject to Rate Regulation - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions AcG-19

Disposal of Long-Lived Assets and Discontinued Operations - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - Section 3475

Electronic Audit Evidence

Electronic Filing and Reporting - Emerging Technologies and Their Implications

Electronic Filing of Information

Employee Future Benefits - Additional Disclosures - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - Section 3461

Employee Future Benefits Implementation Guide, Second Edition (Updated November 2001)

Engagements to Audit Greenhouse Gas Emissions Information — Practice Guide

Financial Instrument Disclosures and Capital Disclosures - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions Sections 1535, 3862 and 3863 (July 2007)

Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions Section 3855

Financial Instruments — Recognition and Measurement — Background Information and Basis For Conclusions Amendments to Section 3855 (December 2009)

Financial Reporting by Canadian School Boards

Financial Reporting by Investment Funds, Second Edition

Financial Reporting by Rate-regulated Enterprises

Financial Reporting by Small Business Enterprises

Financial Reporting in North America - Highlights of a Joint Study

The First Audit Engagement

Full Cost Accounting from an Environmental Perspective

General Standards of Financial Statement Presentation - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - Section 1400

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - Section 1100

Going Concern - Amendments to Section 1400 - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions (June 2007)

Guide for Developing Quality Control Systems in Public Accounting

Hedges - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions Section 3865

The Impact of Technology on Financial and Business Reporting

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - Section 3063

Improving Disclosures About Financial Instruments (Amendments to Financial Instruments — Disclosures, Section 3862) (June 2009)

Income Taxes - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - Section 3465

Indicators of Government Financial Condition

Intangible Assets — Background Information and Basis for Conclusions Section 3064 (September 2008)

Interactive Data — Building XBRL Into Accounting Information Systems

Interim Financial Statements - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - CICA Handbook – Accounting Section 1751

Inventories - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions Section 3031 (June 2007)

Investment Companies - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - AcG-18

Investment Companies - Amendments to AcG-15 and AcG-18 - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions (June 2007)

Liabilities and Equity - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - Section 3860

Links between the Budget and the Estimates — Accrual budgeting Issues

Maintaining Quality Capital Markets Through Quality Information

Non-Monetary Transactions - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions Section 3831

Not-for-Profit Financial Reporting Guide

Not-for-Profit Organizations — Background Information and Basis for Conclusions 4400 Series (November 2008)

Professional Judgment and the Auditor

Rate-Regulated Operations — Amendments to Sections 1100 and 3465 and AcG-19 — Background Information and Basis for Conclusions (December 2007)

Reporting on Environmental Performance

The Role of Information Technology in Achieving Sustained Regulatory Compliance

Secure IT Infrastructure for E-commerce

Security for Wireless Systems (revised)

Segment Disclosures - Background Information and Basis for Conclusions - CICA Handbook Section 1701

Stakeholder Relationships, Social Capital and Business Value Creation

Understanding Disclosure Controls and Procedures: Helping CEOs and CFOs Respond to the Need for Better Disclosure

Use of Specialists in Assurance Engagements

Using Graphics in Corporate Reporting


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